A psychologist has discussed the reasons Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) goes undiagnosed in women and girls. Stephanie Georgiou, a psychologist and author who offers expert guidance to her TikTok followers, highlighted three reasons women are often diagnosed with ADHD later in life.

一位心理学家探讨了女性及女孩多动症未被诊断出来的原因。 斯蒂芬妮·乔治乌是一名心理学家兼作家，她会在TikTok上为粉丝提供专业指导， 她强调了女性往往在年龄较大时才被诊断出多动症的三个原因。

The NHS describes ADHD as a behavioural disorder that often presents as restlessness, concentration difficulties, and impulsive behaviour. These symptoms usually surface during early childhood and become more apparent when children start school.

英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）将多动症描述为一种行为障碍，通常表现为坐立不安、注意力难以集中和冲动行为。 这些症状通常在幼儿期出现，并在孩子开始上学时变得更加明显。

However, there are instances where ADHD remains undiagnosed throughout childhood, only being recognised later in life. Stephanie shared a video discussing the reasons women "fail to get diagnosed" with ADHD.

然而，有些情况下，多动症在整个儿童期都未被诊断出来，直到后来才被识别。 斯蒂芬妮分享了一段视频，讨论了女性“未能被诊断出多动症”的原因。

In the brief video, Stephanie said: "Three reasons why women fail to get diagnosed with ADHD until their late 30s/early 40s. For those who don't know me, my name is Steph and I'm a psychologist here to break it down.

在这段简短的视频中，斯蒂芬妮说：“女性直到三十多岁/四十岁出头才被诊断出多动症的三个原因。 对于不认识我的人，我叫斯蒂芬妮，是一名心理学家，我来为大家解析一下。”

"One - they're usually diagnosed with anxiety or depression or even an eating disorder. Two - they tell themselves they're just lazy, and this becomes a story of their life, and then it becomes really difficult to undo this narrative.

“第一，她们通常被诊断为焦虑症、抑郁症，甚至是饮食失调症。 第二，她们告诉自己只是懒惰，而这成了她们一生的写照，然后要改变这种观念就变得非常困难。”

"Three - the diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) is heavily brain-based and kind of matches the profile of a hyperactive child."

“第三，《精神疾病诊断与统计手册（第五版）》 （DSM-5）中的诊断标准主要基于大脑，且与多动症儿童的典型特征相符。”

According to Understood, women are "less likely than men to have hyperactivity as a symptom", and this is one of the reasons they're diagnosed less often. Your symptoms determine the type or 'presentation' of ADHD you have. Mental health professionals look at the main symptoms to make a diagnosis.

据Understood网站称，女性“比男性更不可能出现多动症状”， 这也是她们较少被诊断的原因之一。 你的症状决定了你所患多动症的类型或‘表现’。 心理健康专业人员会根据主要症状来进行诊断。

Types of ADHD

多动症类型

Understood shared the three types of ADHD:

“理解”网站介绍了多动症的三种类型：

Predominantly inattentive: You have trouble with attention, focus, and organisation.

以注意力不集中为主：你难以集中注意力、专注和组织。

Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive: You may feel restless or act without thinking.

以多动/冲动为主：你可能会感到坐立不安或做事不加思考。

Combined: You have parts of the two other types.

混合型：你兼具上述两种类型的部分特征。

The experts at Understood said: "Girls and women mostly have the inattentive type of ADHD. Being inattentive doesn't stand out like being hyperactive and impulsive does. Those symptoms are more common in boys and men. Inattentive girls and women are more likely to be overlooked or misdiagnosed."

Understood网站的专家表示：“女孩和女性大多患的是注意力不集中型多动症。 注意力不集中不像多动和冲动那样显眼。 这些症状在男孩和男性中更为常见。 注意力不集中的女孩和女性更容易被忽视或误诊。”

Signs of ADHD in women

女性多动症的症状

In a separate video, Stephanie discussed the most common signs of ADHD in women. She said: "Let's talk about symptoms of ADHD in women; they are more likely to have lower self-esteem and doubt themselves because their whole life they've been told they're not enough. Perhaps they were labelled as sensitive or moody, but the truth is they have rejection-sensitive dysphoria.

在另一段视频中，斯蒂芬妮讨论了女性多动症最常见的症状。 她说：“我们来谈谈女性多动症的症状； 她们更有可能自尊心较低，怀疑自己，因为她们一生都被告知自己不够好。 也许她们被贴上了敏感或情绪化的标签，但事实是她们患有拒绝敏感型情绪失调症。”

"They tend to swivel in their chair or fidget or shake their leg, they have strange eating patterns or they struggled with binge eating, because of that dopamine and chaotic eating patterns."

“她们往往会转动椅子、坐立不安或抖腿，她们的饮食习惯很奇怪，或者曾与暴饮暴食作斗争， 因为多巴胺和混乱的饮食习惯。”

She added: "They are overly critical of themselves and often minimise their symptoms and put it down to anxiety or stress because I think they should be able to do it all.

她补充道： “她们对自己过于挑剔，常常轻视自己的症状，并将其归咎于焦虑或压力，因为她们认为自己应该能够应对一切。”